| Primary Sources from an Online Digitized Collection |
| Internet Website maintained by a University |
| or professional organization |
| Article from an online magazine, newspaper or journal |
| Web Page with an editor listed |
| Web Page with an author's name listed |
| Online Government Publication |
| Personal Web Page |
| Database from a Library (Includes: Country Watch, eLibrary Science, History Reference Center, Opposing Viewpoints, ProQuest Learning: Literature, and ProQuest NYT's,) |
| **Infotrac (NOVEL) includes |
| Health & Wellness Reference Center & HWRC Academic |
| Business Resource Center |
| Twayne Author Series |
| Custom Newspapers |
| EBSCOhost (Includes: MasterFILE Select, TOPICsearch, and General Science Collection) |
Formatting the Works Cited page
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The top margin for the Works Cited page should be set at 2". |
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Left, right and bottom margins should be 1". |
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Type the title, Works Cited, with the first letter of each word capitalized. |
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Center the title on the page and triple space after the title. |
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Begin each Works Cited entry at the left margin. |
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If the entry takes up more than one line, indent the next line(s) 5 spaces. |
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Alphabetize works cited entries by the first letter of the first word of each entry,
whether it is an author's last name, editor's last name, or the title (excluding "a", "an", or "the").
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Double space entries that take up two or more lines and double space between each reference. |
Print Resources
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Take the title from the title page, not the cover. |
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The author’s name should be written: Last Name, First Name |
One Author
Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953.
If the person named on the title page is the editor, rather than the author, add a comma, then the abbreviation "ed." For a compiler, use "comp."
Fitzgerald, Terence J., ed. Police in Society. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2000.
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List the names in the order in which they appear on the title page. |
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Only the first author's name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name. |
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Use a comma between the authors' names. Place a period after the last author's name. |
Eggins, Suzanne, and Diana Slade. Analyzing Casual Conversation. London: Cassell. 1997.
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If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al. |
Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California Press, 1993.
Two or More Works by the Same Author
When citing two or more sources by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. For the subsequent entries, type three hyphens, add a period, and skip a space (---. ) then give the title. The three hyphens stand for the name(s) in the preceding entry.
Mead, Margaret. Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization. New York: Morrow, 1961.
---. People and Places. Cleveland: World, 1959.
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Charles B. Clayman. New York: Random,
1989.
Encyclopedia and Reference Books
Jeffrey, W.E. “Child Development.” Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, CT: Grolier. 1985.
An encyclopedia article (with no author)
"Fire Fighting." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.
An encyclopedia article (with an author)
Bates, William. "Angelou, Maya." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1995 ed.
List the edition only if stated and the year of publication.
“Noon.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.
Introduction, preface, foreword or afterword
Brewer, Robert. Preface. The Works of James Joyce. By Jacob Lewis. New York: Baker & Taylor, 1992. 1-7.
Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate: A Novel in Monthly Installments with Recipes, Romances, and Home
Remedies. Trans. Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. New York.: Doubleday, 1992.
Image (Painting, Photograph, Sculpture)
EXAMPLE:
Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child. Wichita Art Museum. American Painting: 1560-1913. By John Pearce. New York: McGraw Hill, 1964. Slide 22.
United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Handbook of Labor Statistics. Washington, D.C.:
G.P.O., 1996.
Jost, Kenneth. "Rethinking the Death Penalty." The CQ Researcher 16 Nov. 2001: 945-68.
Gale "For Students" series (Novels for Students, Short Stories for Students, Drama for Students, Poetry for Students)
Citing text in NfS that is not attributed to a particular author (i.e., the Themes, Style, Historical Context sections, etc.):
“Night.” Novels for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 234-35.
Quoting the specially commissioned essay in NfS, usually found under the "Criticism" subhead:
Miller, Tyrus. Critical Essay on Winesburg, Ohio. Novels for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1998.335-39.
Quoting a journal or newspaper essay that is reprinted in a volume of NfS:
Malak, Amin. "Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and the Dystopian Tradition.” Canadian Literature No.112 (Spring, 1987), 9-16;
excerpted and reprinted in Novels for Students, Vol. 4, ed. Marie Napierowski (Detroit: Gale , 1998), pp. 133-36.
Quoting material reprinted from a book that appears in a volume of NfS:
Adams, Timothy Dow. "Richard Wright: Wearing the Mask," in Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography University of North Carolina
Press, 1990), 69-83; excerpted and reprinted in Novels for Students, Vol. 1, ed. Diane Telgen (Detroit: Gale, 1997), pp. 59-61.
A literary criticism from a collection of criticisms (Gale's Twentieth Century Literary Criticism, Contemporary Literary Criticism, Nineteenth Century Literary Criticism, etc.)
Roberts, Shelia. "A Confined World: A Rereading of Pauline Smith." World Literature Written in English. 24(1984): 232-38. Rpt. in Twentieth
Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Pope. Vol. 25. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 399-402.
Books featuring reprinted articles (Sources contained in larger works):
FORMAT:
Author. "Title of Article." Title of Publication Date of Publication: Page #'s. Rpt. in Title of Book. Ed. Name.
Volume #. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page #'s.
Literary Criticism from Readings On or other Criticism Anthologies
To cite a previously published scholarly article in a collection, give the complete data for the earlier publication and then add Rpt. in (“Reprinted in”), the title of the collection, and the new publication facts.
Weales, Gerald. “The Outsider in The Glass Menagerie.” American Drama Since World War II. (1962): Rpt. in Readings on The Glass
Menagerie. Ed. Bruno Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. 101-07.
Paglia, Camille. "Madonna Has Liberated American Women." The Independent on Sunday Review. (1991): 25-26. Rpt.
in Opposing Viewpoints: Women's Rights. Ed. Fred Whitehead. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1994. 18-28.
Greenhaven Press "At Issue" series
Steyer, James P. "Television Gives Teens Distorted Infromation About Sex." The Other Parent: Inside Story of the
Media's Effect on Our Children. (2002): Rpt. in At Issue: Teen Sex. Ed. Christine Watkins. Detriot: Greenhaven
Press, 2005. 76-85.
Motavalli, Jim. "The Numbers Game." E Magazine, Jan./Feb. 2004, 26-33; reprinted in Environment 2005 (Boca Raton,
FL: ProQuest Information and Learning Company, 2004) art. no. 8.
Periodicals (In print form not on the internet)
Magnusson, E. “Baseball’s Drug Scandal.” Time 16 Sept.1985: 26-28.
Newspaper (If the article is signed start with author’s last name, then first name, then title)
James, Noah. "The Book Everyone Loves to Hate." New York Times 22 Jan 1998, sec C: 12.
Personal Interview
Weicker, Lowell. Personal Interview. 9 Sept. 1998.
Television or Radio Interview
Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 18 April 2002.
Film or Video Recording
Original Film:
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore and Thomas Mitchell.
RKO,1946.
DVD or Other Re-release (include original release date)
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore and Thomas Mitchell.1946.
DVD. Republic, 2001.
Sound Recording
If not using a CD, indicate the medium before the manufacturer’s name, e.g. audiocassette, LP.
Ellington, Duke. Cond. First Carnegie Hall Concert. Duke Ellington Orch. Rec. 23 Jan. 1943. LP. Prestige, 1977.
"Keith, Toby." Current Biography Yearbook 2004. 2004.
Gale "Information Plus" series
Wexler, Barbara. Violent Relationships: Battering and Abuse among Adults. Information Plus Reference Series. Detroit,
Gale, 2003.
Gale Literature and Its Times (multi-volume set)
“Native Son.” Literature and Its Times. Joyce Moss and George Wilson.Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1997.
Gale World Literature and Its Times (multi-volume set)
“Jane Eyre.” World Literature and Its Times. Joyce Moss. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 2001.
Gale Shakespeare for Students (3-volume set)
Material drawn from periodicals:
Ribner, Irving. "'Macbeth': The Pattern of Idea and Action." Shakespeare Quarterly X, No. 2 (Spring, 1959), 147-59;
excerpted and reprinted in Shakespeare for Students, Book I, ed. Mark W. Scott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992, pp. 245-51.
Material reprinted from books:
Dickey, Franklin M. Not Wisely but Too Well: Shakespeare's Love Tragedies (The Huntington Library, 1959); excerpted and
reprinted in Shakespeare for Students, Book I, ed. Mark W. Scott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992, pp. 467-70.
Electronic Resources
EXAMPLE:
Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center
Wachbroit, Robert. "Why Not Clone Humans?" Cloning. 2000. Contemporary Issues Companion Series. Opposing
Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. Clarkstown High School North Lib, NY. 10 May 2002
<http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Wagner-Lawler, Jennifer A. "From Irony to Affiliation in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale." Critique. Fall, 2003: pp. 83-96.
ProQuest Learning Literature. ProQuest Information and Learning. Clarkstown High School North Library. 16 Dec. 2004
<http://literature.proquestlearning.com/home.do>
Primary Source from an Online Digitized Collection (i.e. American Memory)
Jefferson, Thomas. Letter from Thomas Jefferson to the President pro tempore of the Senate. Thomas Jefferson, March
2, 180. "I Do Solemnly Swear ...": Presidential Inaugurations. Library of Congress American Memory Collection.
21 April. 2006 <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?ammem/pin:@field >
Infotrac & GaleNet via NOVEL (New York Online Virtual Electronic Library)
The citation elements to be included for work from a subscription service (InfoTrac and GaleNet) are in the following order:
*Note: The citation will vary and is dependant on the original publication type of the resource found using the database. (i.e. pamphlet, newspaper article, journal article, book, etc.).
Author
Article Title
Publication
name
Publication Date
Page Number/Range (when given)
Database Name
Service Name
Name of the library where
service was accessed
Name of the town/city where service was
accessed
Date of Access
URL of the Service
Health and Wellness Resource Center and Alternative Health Module
Henney, Jane E. "FDA Oncology Tools on Internet". ( Food and Drug Administration). JAMA, The Journal of the American
Medical Association. 13 Sept. 2000. Online. Health& Wellness Resource Center. Gale Group Databases.
Clarkstown High School North Lib. NY. 26 Mar 2001 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_se_chsn>.
Business and Company Resource Center Stokell, Ian. "Newsbytes." Internet Week in Review. 17 Jan 2000. Business and Company Resource Center. Gale Group
Databases. Clarkstown High School North Lib. NY. 3 Oct. 2004
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_se_chsn>.
Health Reference Center Academic National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Stroke: Hope Through Research. Pamphlet. May 1999.Health
Reference Center Academic. Gale Group Databases. Clarkstown High School North Lib. NY. 13 Jun 2004.
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_se_chsn>.
Paananen, Victor. N. William Blake. In Twayne's English Authors Series Online. NewYork: G.K. Hall & Co.,
1998. Previously published in print in 1996 by Twayne Publishers. Gale Group Databases. Clarkstown High School
North Lib.NY. 3 Oct. 2001 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_se_chsn>.
Mauch II. Thomas H. "Researchers Identify Alzheimer's Enzyme Inhibitor." Los Angeles Times. 13 Apr. 2000: B2.
Infotrac Custom Newspapers. Gale Group Databases. Clarkstown High School North Lib. NY. 24 Jan
2004.<http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/nysl_se_chsn>.
Heming, Li, Paul Waley, and Phil Rees. "Reservoir Resettlement in China: Past Experience and the Three Gorges Dam."
The Geographical Journal 167.3 (2001): 195-212. MASTERfile Select. EBSCOhost. Clarkstown North HS Lib. NY. 29
Mar. 2004<http://search.ebscohost.com>.
World Wide Web Site
Format:
Author’s name (if known). “Title of document.” Title of Internet site. Document date or the latest update (if known).
Name any sponsoring institution or organization. Date of access. <Full Internet address>.
Jones, Martin. "The Week in Human Rights." Derechos. 6 May 1998. 6 May 2004.
<http://www.derechos.org/human-rights/briefs/20297.html>
Web Page with an editor listed
Rogers, Jay, ed. "What is the Wiccan Religion?" The Forerunner.com. 20 Jan 1998. The Forerunner International.25 Feb 2001.
<http://www.forerunner.com/champion/>.
Personal Web page
Lawson, Anne. Home page. 1 Mar 1998. 15 May 2002. <http://www.target.net:8080/~alaw/index.html>.
Web Page with an author's name listed
Carroll, Robert Todd. The Skeptic's Dictionary: Witches and Sorcerers. 21 Feb 1998. 22 March 2001.
<http://dcn.davis.ca.us/~btcarrol/skeptic/witches.html>.
Article from an online magazine, newspaper, or journal
Sklaroff, Sara. "E-mail Nation." U.S. News and World Report. 2 Mar 1999: 15-19. U.S. News Online. 13 Mar 1999.
<http://www2.USNews.com/usnews/issue/990322/22emai.htm>.
Online Government publication
United States. Center for Disease Control. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Diabetes Public Health Resource: FAQ About Diabetes. 29 Jun 2000. 25 Feb 2001.
<http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/faqs.htm>.
Internet Web Site maintained by a university or professional organization
"Einstein: Image and Impact." Aip.org. Aug. 1998. American Institute of Physics. 13 Mar 1999.
<http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/>.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
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Do not number items in the bibliography. |
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Present the bibliography in alphabetical order according to the author’s last names. If the source has no author, alphabetize according to the first word of the title excluding “a,” “an,” and “the.” |
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Include page numbers only when you use a source that is part of a larger work. |
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Use reverse indentation, i.e., indent five spaces after the first line. |
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If your bibliography contains two works by the same author, you need not repeat the author’s name a second time. Use a line of five spaces and a period. Alphabetize according to the titles of the works. |
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Separate major items with a period. End the entry with a period. |
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Double-space entire list, both between and within entries. Continue the list on as many pages as necessary. |
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The list of works cited appears at the end of the paper. Begin the list on a new page and number each page, continuing the page numbers of the text. |
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Page numbers should appear in the upper right-hand corner, half and inch from the top and flush with the right margin. |
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONSULT THE FOLLOWING:
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“Frequently Asked Questions about MLA Style.” Modern Language Association. <http://www.mla.org/style_faq> 19 Oct. 2004. |
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Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th edition. NewYork: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003. |
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Walker, Janice R. and Todd Taylor. The Columbia Guide to Online Style. NewYork: Columbia University Press. 1998. |
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